MS stands for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a potentially debilitating disease of the central nervous system that can affect the brain and spinal cord. It causes a range of potential symptoms including vision problems, hand or foot movement issues and emotional problems. When a person develops MS, it means that the patient’s immune system loses a protective sheath called myelin, or that it is degrading in the body. Myelin is a fat-like layer that cares like a wall of nerve strands. With the onset of MS and the destruction of myelin sheaths, there are many problems with the relationship between the brain and the rest of the body. It gradually or in some cases severely damages nerves at a rapid rate. Ultimately, uncontrolled disease leads to permanent damage or deterioration of nerves.
The symptoms of MS are widespread and vary depending on the area of degradation and the rate of destruction. An MS patient may only experience fatigue and numbness, and in another patient, symptoms go as far as serious motor impairment. The most common symptoms of MS are:

• Eye-related symptoms such as blurred vision and double vision
• Dizziness, imbalance and impaired gait
• Muscle spasms or severe and unreasonable muscle pains
• Numbness, drowsiness and muscle weakness
• Feeling tired
• Seizures, headaches, hair loss, itching
• Disorders of sexual function, gastrointestinal tract and bladder
• Emotional, cognitive and memory disorders
•Depression

• Also disorders with lower prevalence include speech impairment and respiratory disorder.
Three general patterns can be seen in people with the disease as follows:
• Recurrent and improving symptoms: In this case, you can see periods when symptoms recur (when symptoms are exacerbated at once) followed by improved symptoms (recovery periods). Between recurrence cases, the patient’s condition is usually stable and his condition does not deteriorate. This type of symptom is most commonly seen when you start the disease. About half of the sick people who encounter this condition gradually enter the second stage of disease progression (described below) over time.
• Early progression of the disease: In this case, the symptoms of the disease gradually intensify and continue. In this way, it is no longer possible to see recovery or recovery periods in the patient’s condition.
• Secondary progression of the disease: Some people who have initially experienced recurrent and improving symptoms of the disease gradually face loss of neurological function. These conditions can be associated with exacerbation of symptoms or without it. If the disease has a recurrence in these conditions, it is referred to as a “recurrent protrusion”.

People aged 20 to 40 are more likely to develop MS. In addition, women are two to three times more likely to develop MS than men and are more likely to develop a secondary type. Although the exact cause of the disease is not yet known, there are factors that can be effective in the onset of MS. These factors include:
• Genetic background: For example, if a first-degree relative has MS, the person is more likely to develop MS.
• Birth and life in some geographical areas: In some geographical areas, MS is more common.
• Exposure to some germs and viruses as children
• Excessive physical and mental stress or fatigue
• Low blood vitamin D levels
• Tobacco use
• Excessive consumption of salt

To improve MS, drugs and treatment methods have not been discovered. Scientists are trying to repair protective myelin by various methods such as using stem cells, stimulating the electrical activity of nerves and various drugs to reduce the detrimental effect of the immune system on the central nerve of the body and compensate for the lack or slowness of communication between the brain and organs. However, to date, no definitive method has been introduced for the treatment of the disease or its effectiveness in its progression. However, treatments are recommended to reduce the symptoms and harms of the disease in order to cope with it during relapse periods, including:
• Use of steroids and plasmapheresis to shorten relapses
• Using disease-modulating treatments to prevent recurrence and progression of the disease
• Treatment of symptoms using medication, physiotherapy, other types of rehabilitation treatments, healthy lifestyle and complementary therapsy
• Providing counseling and support for depression, anxiety and other mood disorders
And finally, MS is one of the autoimmune diseases that can be seen in some people. The severity and symptoms of this patient can vary in different people and change over time intervals. It is very asymptomatic in some people and very severe in others. Since the cause of the disease remains unknown to experts and scientists, specific and definitive treatment and prevention are not recommended for it. However, knowing the probable factors of this disease can be somewhat prevented. What is important in this disease is improving the patient’s living and environmental conditions and using treatments that help reduce the symptoms and complications of the disease.